A codebook is a technical description of the data that was collected for a particular purpose. It describes how the data are arranged in the computer file or files, what the various numbers and letters mean, and any special instructions on how to use the data properly. Mount Laurel, NJ Codebook. In an effort to assist our residents and other visitors to this site, Mount Laurel Township now provides the Township Codes online. Mount Laurel Township has a contract agreement with GENERAL CODE Publishing to provide this service directly to our users. A codebook provides information on the structure, contents, and layout of a data file. Users are strongly encouraged to review the codebook of a study before downloading the data file (s). Although codebooks vary widely in quality and amount of information given, a typical codebook includes: Column locations and widths for each variable. Six steps create your codebook. After creating titles for your codebook, this simple program provides%TKcodebook with the following instructions: Create a codebook for SAS data set STUDYAPRELIM located in the temporary Work library automatically defined by SAS. Public-Use Explore the Codebooks, Download Datasets, Create Syntax. Online Codebook guides you through selecting a survey, population, and variables relevant to your analysis.
Instead of spending your time preparing your data, you will be using your data to change the world!
Do you want to spend less time on the tedious task of preparing your data? I want to tell you about a magical and revolutionary SAS macro called %TK_codebook. Not only does this macro create an amazing codebook showcasing your data, it also automatically performs quality control checks on each variable. You will easily uncover potential problems lurking in your data including variables that have:
- Incomplete formats
- Out of range values
- No variation in response values
- Variables missing an assigned user-defined format
- Variables that are missing labels
All you need is a SAS data set with labels and formats assigned to each variable and the accompanying format catalogue. Not only will this macro change the way you clean and prepare your data, but it also gives you an effortless way to evaluate the quality of data you obtain from others before you start your analysis. Look how easy it is to create a codebook if you have a SAS data set with labels and formats:
Six steps create your codebook
After creating titles for your codebook, this simple program provides %TK_codebook with the following instructions:
- Create a codebook for SAS data set STUDYA_PRELIM located in the temporary Work library automatically defined by SAS
- Find the formats assigned to the STUDYA_PRELIM in a format catalogue located in the folder assigned to the libref LIBRARY
- Write your codebook in a file named /Data_Detective/Book/Blog/SAS_Programs/My_Codebook.rtf
- List variables in the codebook by their INTERNAL order (order stored in the data set)
- Add “One record per CASEID” indicating which variable(s) uniquely identify each observation to codebook header
- Include reports identifying potential problems in the data
Just these few lines of code will create the unbelievably useful codebook shown below.
The data set used has many problems that can interfere with analysis. %TK_codebook creates reports showing a concise summary of only those problem variables needing close examination. These reports save you an incredible amount of time.
Using assigned formats, %TK_codebook identifies unexpected values occurring in each variable and provides a summary in the first two reports.
Values occurring outside those defined by the assigned format indicate two possible problems:
- A value was omitted from the format definition (Report 1 – Incomplete formats)
- The variable has unexpected values needing mitigation before the data is analyzed (Report 2 – Out of Range Value)
The next report lists numeric variables that have no variation in their values.
These variables need examining to uncover problems with preparing the data set.
The next two reports warn you about variables missing an assigned user-defined format. These variables will be excluded from screening for out-of-range values and incomplete format definitions.
The last report informs you about variables that are missing a label or have a label that matches the variable name.
It is easy to use %TK_codebook to resolve problems in your data and create an awesome codebook. Instead of spending your time preparing your data, you will be using your data to change the world!
Codebook In Research
Create your codebook
Download %TK_codebook from my author page, then learn to use it from my new book, The Data Detective’s Toolkit: Cutting-Edge Techniques and SAS Macros to Clean, Prepare, and Manage Data.
A codebook is a type of document used for gathering and storing cryptography codes. Originally codebooks were often literally books, but today codebook is a byword for the complete record of a series of codes, regardless of physical format.
Cryptography[edit]
In cryptography, a codebook is a document used for implementing a code. A codebook contains a lookup table for coding and decoding; each word or phrase has one or more strings which replace it. To decipher messages written in code, corresponding copies of the codebook must be available at either end. The distribution and physical security of codebooks presents a special difficulty in the use of codes, compared to the secret information used in ciphers, the key, which is typically much shorter.
The United States National Security Agency documents sometimes use codebook to refer to block ciphers; compare their use of combiner-type algorithm to refer to stream ciphers.
Codebook come in two forms, one-part or two-part:
- In one part codes, the plain text words and phrases and the corresponding code words are in the same alphabetical order. They are organized similar to a standard dictionary. Such codes are half the size of two-part codes but are more vulnerable since an attacker who recovers some code word meanings can often infer the meaning of nearby code words. One part codes may be used simply to shorten messages for transmission or have their security enhanced with superencryption methods, such as adding a secret number to numeric code words.[1]
- In two part codes, one part is for converting plaintext to ciphertext, the other for the opposite purpose. They are usually organized similar to a language translation dictionary, with plaintext words (in the first part) and ciphertext words (in the second part) presented like dictionary headwords.
The earliest known use of a codebook system was by Gabriele de Lavinde in 1379 working for the Antipope Clement VII.[1]
Two-part codebooks go back as least as far as Antoine Rossignol in the 1800s.[1]
From the 15th century until the middle of the 19th century,nomenclators (named after nomenclator) were the most used cryptographic method.[2]
Codebook with superencryption was the most used cryptographic method of World War I.[1]
The JN-25 code used in World War II used a code book of 30,000 code groups superencrypted with 30,000 random additives.
The book used in a book cipher or the book used in a running key cipher can be any book shared by sender and receiver and is different from a cryptographic codebook.
Social sciences[edit]
In social sciences, a codebook is a document containing a list of the codes used in a set of data to refer to variables and their values, for example locations, occupations, or clinical diagnoses.
Data compression[edit]
Codebooks were also used in 19th- and 20th-century commercial codes for the non-cryptographic purpose of data compression.
Codebooks are used in relation to precoding and beamforming in mobile networks such as 5G and LTE. The usage is standardized by 3GPP, for example in the document TS 38.331, NR; Radio Resource Control (RRC); Protocol specification.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ abcdKlaus Pommerening.'Codebooks'.
- ^Chris Christensen.'Codes and Nomenclators'.p. 4
Codebook In Spss